Regional distribution of Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y in terrestrial moss within a 188,000 km(2) area of the central Barents region: influence of geology, seaspray and human activity

Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splen dens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188.000 km(2) area of the c entral Parents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by IC P-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical meth ods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagra ms, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patt erns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despi te the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element i nput, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several e lements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting th e ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturall y increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climati c conditions for instance. Alternatively. substrate influence can be enhanc ed by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of 'technogenic de serts', or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area . Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, stems to influe nce moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in mo ss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia. co ntrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer hu sbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.