M. Yasuda et al., Remarkable enhancement of nucleophilicity of tin enolates toward nitro- orcyanoalkenes by tetrabutylammonium halides, CHEM LETT, (11), 2000, pp. 1266-1267
The reaction of tin enolates with nitroalkenes was effectively catalyzed by
tetrabutylammonium bromide (Bu4NBr) to give gamma -nitroketones. When the
substituted tin enolates at the beta -carbon in the olefinic moiety were us
ed, the diastereoselective addition proceeded through the acyclic transitio
n state. Tetrabutylammonium chloride (Bu4NCl) strongly accelerated the reac
tion with the cyanoalkene to give the gamma -cyanoketone.