This brief review is concerned with how human performance efficiency change
s as a function of time of day. It presents an overview of some of the rese
arch paradigms and conceptual models that have been used to investigate cir
cadian performance rhythms. The influence of homeostatic and circadian proc
esses on performance regulation is discussed. The review also briefly prese
nts recent mathematical models of alertness that have been used to predict
cognitive performance. Related topics such as interindividual differences a
nd the postlunch dip are presented.