Analytical viscoelastic solution for frost force in cold-region tunnels

In this paper, the formulae of Laplace transform with respect to time for f rost forces of the lining-frozen surrounding rock-unfrozen surrounding rock system are derived from the elastic-viscoelastic corresponding principle. And then, the frost forces and lining stresses in cold-region tunnels are o btained by the numerical inversion of the Laplace transform. Finally, an ex ample is given. This example indicates that the lining stress including the frost factor is much larger than that not including the frost factor. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.