A new method for closed-loop identification that allows fitting the model t
o the data with arbitrary frequency weighting is described and analyzed. Ju
st as the direct method, this new method is applicable to systems with arbi
trary feedback mechanisms. This is in contrast to other methods, such as th
e indirect method and the two-stage method, that assume linear feedback. Th
e finite sample behavior of the proposed method is illustrated in a simulat
ion study.