Objective: To examine the effect of HIV status on infants' mental and psych
omotor functioning, controlling for confounding factors such as prenatal dr
ug exposure and birth conditions.
Methods: Twenty HIV-infected and 25 seroreverted infants (ages 3-30 months
old) were administered the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) and a
neurological examination at two time points, 4 to 12 months apart. The maj
ority were from ethnic minority, socioeconomically disadvantaged families;
67% of the infants were prenatally drug-exposed.
Results: HIV-infected infants had significantly lower scores on the BSID at
baseline (mental development) and follow-up (motor development) compared t
o seroreverters. When HIV and neurological deficits were considered togethe
r, HIV+ children with neurological deficits scored significantly lower than
HIV+ children without neurological deficits and seroreverters, with and wi
thout neurological diagnoses. Prenatal drug exposure was not associated wit
h performance on the BSID.
Conclusions: These data suggest that CNS involvement is a critical pathway
by which HIV affects infants' neurodevelopment.