Pheromonal and kairomonal activities can be separated: Synthesis and bioactivity studies of pine east scale sex pheromones and their analogues

New syntheses were achieved to secure matsuone (1), the pheromone of the pi ne scale Matsucoccus matsumarae, that of M. feytaudi (2), and that of M. jo sephi (3). Five analogues (4-8) of 1, 2, and 3 were synthesized and their b ioactivities studied. The pheromone analogue 7 showed relatively strong phe romonal activity toward M. josephi, while it was inactive as a kairomone to ward the predator Elatophilus hebraicus. Similarly, analogue 8 acted as a p heromone for M. feytaudi, but it did not attract any of its local predators . The M. feytaudi pheromone 2 exhibited strong kairomonal activity toward E . hebraicus, but was not active as a pheromone mimic to attract M. josephi.