H. Noguchi et al., Enhanced electron phase-transfer catalysis due to the formation of substrate-catalyst inclusion complexes, CHEM COMMUN, (24), 2000, pp. 2455-2456
A redox-active macrocyclic ionene oligomer, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene),
exhibited an enhanced activity as an electron phase-transfer catalyst for
the reduction of quinones compared with acyclic benzyl viologen, due to the
inclusion of the substrate into the catalyst cavity.