Determination of the designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine, and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine with HPLC and fluorescence detection in whole blood, serum, vitreous humor, and urine

Background: The popular designer drugs 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (M DMA) and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) can be determined in ser um, whole blood, and urine, but also in vitreous humor. The latter matrix i s interesting when dealing with decomposed bodies in a toxicological settin g. Methods: After extraction, chromatographic separation was achieved on a nar row-bore C-18 column by gradient elution with fluorometric detection; resul ts were confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/ MS). Results: The method was linear over the range of 2-1000 mug/L for whole blo od, serum, and vitreous humor, and 0.1-5 mg/L for urine. Extraction recover ies were >70%, imprecision (CV) was 2.5-19%, and analytical recoveries were 95.5-104.4%. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.8 and 2 mug/L, respectively, for whole blood, serum, and vitre ous humor, and 2.5 mug/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, for urine. Excellent c orrelations between the quantitative LC-fluorescence and LC-MS/MS results w ere obtained. We found the following concentrations in a thanatochemical di stribution study in rabbits: in serum, 5.3-685 mug/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 14.5 mug/L for 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA); in whole blood, 19.7-710 mug/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 17.8 mug/L for MDA; in vitreous humor, 12.1-97.8 mug/L for MDMA and from the LOQ to 3.86 mug/L for MDA. In routine toxicological urine samples, concentrations ranged from LOQ to 14, 62 mg/L for MDA, from LOQ to 157 mg/L for MDMA, and from LOQ to 32.54 mg/L for MDEA. Conclusions: The HPLC method described is sensitive, specific, and suitable for the determination of MDMA, MDEA, and MDA in whole blood, serum, vitreo us humor, and urine. (C) 2000 American Association for Clinical Chemistry.