In this paper we consider the extent of our knowledge of global beetle dive
rsity. Depending on the estimates adopted, some 70 95% of all beetle specie
s remain to be formally described, and at the current rate of progress it c
ould be more than 200 years until the task is completed. One of the reasons
for this is the difficulty of adequately sampling tropical beetle faunas a
nd thereby ensuring sufficient material is available to taxonomists for com
parative studies. Despite this, recent years have seen significant advances
in our understanding of beetle taxonomy, biology, ecology and biogeography
, and we are now in a good position to apply this understanding to ecologic
al and management issues. Saproxylic (dead-wood-associated) beetles are use
d to illustrate this latter point.