Based on field research in the Central African Republic, this article
discusses several social and economic challenges to conservation progr
ammes that include community development components. These interrelate
d challenges include immigration as people elsewhere are attracted to
economic opportunities, the lack of tenure of land and natural resourc
es, diversification of economic and subsistence strategies, ethnic div
ersity and the lack of a conservation ethic. Addressing these challeng
es requires fundamental socio-economic change.