Kinetic analysis of solid-state reactions: The universality of master plots for analyzing isothermal and nonisothermal experiments

Master plot methods based on the integral and/or the differential forms of the kinetic equation describing solid-state reactions have been redefined b y using the concept of the generalized time, theta, introduced by Ozawa. Th is redefinition permits the application of these master plots to the kineti c analysis of solid-state reactions, whatever the type of temperature progr am used for recording the experimental data. In isothermal conditions, a si ngle curve is enough to construct the experimental master plots. In nonisot hermal conditions, the knowledge of both ct as a function of temperature an d activation energy is required for calculating the master plot curves from the experimental data. practical usefulness of the present master plot met hods is examined, and exemplified by being applied to the thermal decomposi tion of ZnCO3 under isothermal, linear nonisothermal, and nonlinear nonisot hermal conditions.