Preparation of stabilized nanosized tin oxide particles by hydrothermal treatment

Stable colloidal suspensions of tin oxide (content 0.9-6.1 wt%) were synthe sized by subjecting conventionally prepared tin oxide gels to hydrothermal treatment with an ammonia solution (pH 10.5) at 200 degreesC for 3 h in an autoclave, Based on X-ray diffractometry analyses, the tin oxide crystallit es after hydrothermal treatment were resistant to thermal growth at elevate d temperatures, and this feature became more conspicuous as the tin oxide c ontent of the colloidal suspension decreased. For the powder derived from a 1.8 wt% colloidal suspension, for example, the mean sizes of the tin oxide crystallites were 7.5 and 13 nm after calcination at 600 degrees and 900 d egreesC, respectively, in comparison with corresponding values of 13.5 and 29 nm for the untreated gel-derived powder. Thin film spin-coated from the same suspension had good uniformity, packed with tin oxide grains (crystall ites) of a mean size of 6 nm after calcination at 600 degreesC. Optical det ermination of the tin oxide sol particle size, as well as gravimetric analy sis of the dehydration from the powder samples, were conducted to determine effects of hydrothermal treatment.