Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a globally successful pathogen due to its abi
lity to persist for long periods of time unrecognized by the human immune s
ystem. The panoply of genes that allows the organism to enter latency and t
hen re-emerge later during endogenous reinfection are now being elucidated.
Novel antimicrobials and vaccines will need to target these mycobacterial
pathogenic mechanisms to succeed against tuberculosis.