Dynamic regulation of synaptic efficacy is one of the mechanisms thought to
underlie learning and memory. Many of the observed changes in efficacy, su
ch as long-term potentiation and long-term depression, result from the func
tional alteration of excitatory neurotransmission mediated by postsynaptic
glutamate receptors. These changes may result from the modulation of the re
ceptors themselves and from regulation of protein networks associated with
glutamate receptors. Understanding the interactions in this synaptic comple
x will yield invaluable insight into the molecular basis of synaptic functi
on. This review focuses on the molecular organization of excitatory synapse
s and the processes involved in the dynamic regulation of glutamate recepto
rs.