From snapshot information to long-term population dynamics of Acacias by asimulation model

The African Acacia species A. raddiana is believed to be endangered in the Negev desert of Israel. The ecology of this species is not well understood. The main idea of our study is to learn more about the long-term population dynamics of these trees using snapshot information in the form of size fre quency distributions. These distributions are highly condensed indices of p opulation dynamics acting over many years. In this paper, we analyse field data on recruitment, growth, and mortality and use an existing simulation m odel of the population dynamics of A. raddiana (SAM) to produce contrasting scenarios of these live history processes that are based on the analysed f ield evidence. The main properties of simulated as well as observed tree si ze frequency distributions are characterised with Simpson's index of domina nce and a new permutation index. Finally, by running the SAM model under th e different scenarios, we study the effect of these different processes on simulated size frequency distributions (pattern) and we compare them to siz e distributions observed in the field, in order to identify the processes a cting in the field. Our study confirms rare recruitment events as a major f actor shaping tree size frequency distributions and shows that the paucity of recruitment has been a normal feature of A. raddiana in the Negev over m any years. Irregular growth, e.g., due to episodic rainfall, showed a moder ate influence on size distributions. Finally, the size frequency distributi ons observed in the Negev reveal the information that, in this harsh enviro nment, mortality of adult A. raddiana is independent of tree size (age).