DAP12, an ITAM-bearing transmembrane adaptor protein, associates non-covale
ntly with receptors in natural killer (NK) and myeloid cells, and provides
signaling function via the Syk and ZAP-70 tyrosine kinase activation pathwa
ys. Humans and mice lacking DAP12 (DAP12(-/-)) show normal development of h
ematopoietic cells. However, DAP12(-/-) humans develop presenile dementia a
nd bone cysts, and DAP12(-/-) mice show impaired immune responses.