Three dimensional culture upregulates extracellular matrix protein expression in human liver cell lines - a step towards mimicking the liver in vivo?

Extracellular matrix (ECM) in the liver affects the phenotype of both hepat ocytes and non-parenchymal cells. To be able to mimic in vivo liver functio n for extracorporeal hepatic support using human cell lines, a necessary st ep is to upregulate the function normally seen in monolayer culture. 3-D sp heroid colonies were formed by culturing single HepG2 cells encapsulated in alginate beads. ECM expression in these cultures was compared to monolayer Hep G2 cultures. The following ECM proteins were detected immunohistochemi cally:- collagens I, ill, V and VI, the glycoproteins fibronectin, tenascin and vitronectin, and the basement membrane protein laminin. In 3-D culture s, all proteins except tenascin were strongly expressed, as compared with w eak or undetectable expression in monolayer cultures, even with 10-fold inc reases in the antibody concentration used. In conclusion, we have demonstra ted that the 3-D environment created by alginate encapsulation of cell line s leads to cell behaviour mimicking that in vivo.