Novel universal current-mode filters using unity-gain cells

Two novel universal current-mode filters using unity-gain current followers (CFs) and voltage followers (VFs) are presented. The first one, employing three CFs, one VF, two grounded capacitors and two resistors, has two input s and three outputs. The second one, employing only two CFs, one VF, two gr ounded capacitors and two resistors, has four inputs and a single output. B oth proposed circuits offer the following advantageous features: universal current-mode filter realization from the same configuration, no requirement s of component matching conditions, employment of two grounded capacitors i deal for integration, employment of two virtually grounded resistors good f or voltage control, easy adjustment of omega (0)/Q and omega (0) through se parate virtually grounded resistors and low active and passive sensitivity performance.