Performance of tee diffusers in shallow water with crossflow

The dilution and plume trajectory of the tee diffuser has been investigated via the collection of experimental data for a wide range of ambient curren t conditions. A new dilution equation in which the stagnation effect betwee n ambient current and diffuser discharge is assumed to be a function of the ratio of the ambient momentum to the discharge momentum, m(r), is proposed modifying the conventional theory of Adams that significantly underpredict s mixing for large m(r). A simple equation for the plume trajectory includi ng the dependency of the momentum ratio is also derived by dimensional anal ysis. Experimental results on the near field dilution show that when m(r) < 1 the dilution decreases with m(r), whereas when m(r) > 1 it increases wit h increasing m(r), and approaches the stagnant water dilution for very larg e values of m(r). The equation is applied to aid the preliminary design of a diffuser discharging heated water from a power station in Korea.