Basophil responses to chemokines are regulated by both sequential and cooperative receptor signaling

To investigate human basophil responses to chemokines, we have developed a sensitive assay that uses flow cytometry to measure leukocyte shape change as a marker of cell responsiveness. PBMC were isolated from the blood of vo lunteers. Basophils were identified as a single population of cells that st ained positive for IL-3R alpha (CDw123) and negative for HLA-DR, and their increase in forward scatter (as a result of cell shape change) in response to chemokines was measured. Shape change responses of basophils to chemokin es were highly reproducible, with a rank order of potency: monocyte chemoat tractant protein (MCP) 4 (peak at <1 nM) <greater than or equal to> eotaxin -2 = eotaxin-3 greater than or equal to eotaxin > MCP-1 = MCP-3 > macrophag e-inflammatory protein-1 alpha > RANTES = MCP-2 = IL-8, The CCR4-selective ligand macrophage-derived chemokine did not elicit a response at concentrat ions up to 10 nM, Blocking mAbs to CCR2 and CCR3 demonstrated that response s to higher concentrations (>10 nM) of MCP-1 were mediated by CCR3 rather t han CCR2, whereas MCP-3 exhibited a biphasic response consistent with seque ntial activation of CCR3 at lower concentrations and CCR2 at 10 nM MCP-4 an d above, In contrast, responses to MCP-3 were blocked only in the presence of both mAbs, but not after pretreatment with either anti-CCR2 or anti-CCR3 mAb alone. These patterns of receptor usage were different from those seen for eosinophils and monocytes, We suggest that cooperation between CCRs mi ght be a mechanism for preferential recruitment of basophils, as occurs in tissue hypersensitivity responses in vivo.