The upside of the downside - How utilizing defensive dynamics can support learning in groups

In this paper we suggest that it is important in management education to wo rk with the defensive dynamics in learning groups. Through a consideration of the dynamics within complex systems, we argue that the ways in which the se defensive dynamics are worked with may determine the levels of learning attained. This work requires a recognition that defensive dynamics within g roups can limit learning, an awareness of the nature of such dynamics, and skill in adopting appropriate strategies in relation to them. Both staff an d learners can contribute to this work.