Effect of the cation composition and oxygen contents on flux pinning proper
ties of Nd123 was investigated using single crystals grown by flux method.
The observed secondary peak effect in J(c)-B curves was largest for Nd-rich
crystal(x similar to0.1), and J(c) systematically increased with decreasin
g oxygen deficiency. These results suggested that cation substitution gener
ates more effective pinning site than oxygen deficiency in Nd123.