Before 1800, French naturalists had already played an essential role in sup
porting scientific evolutionism, i.e. the idea of transformation of the bio
logical species during geological times. But this evolutionism is inconsist
ent with the official dogma of creationism, which is based on biblical reve
lation. History of science meets here political history, because the resist
ance of conservative groups, especially in France between 1830 and 1882.