Meta-analysis is now a widely used technique for summarizing evidence from
multiple studies. Publication bias, the bias induced by the fact that resea
rch with statistically significant results is potentially more likely to be
submitted and published than work with null or non-significant results, po
ses a thereat to the validity of such analyses. The implication of this is
that combining only the identified published studies uncritically may lead
to an incorrect, usually over optimistic, conclusion. How publication bias
should be addressed when carrying out a meta-analysis is currently a hotly
debated subject. While statistical methods to test for its presence are sta
rting be used, they do not address the problem of how to proceed if publica
tion bias is suspected. This paper provides a review of methods, which can
be employed as a sensitivity analysis to assess the likely impact of public
ation bias on a meta-analysis. It is hoped that this will raise awareness o
f such methods, and promote their use and development, as well as provide a
n agenda for future research.