Using geographic information systems to understand health care access

Background: Determining a community's health care access needs and testing interventions to improve access are difficult. This challenge is compounded by the task of translating the relevant data into a format that is clear a nd persuasive to policymakers and funding agencies. Geographic information systems can analyze and transform complex data from Various sources into ma ps that illustrate problems effortlessly for experts and nonexperts. Objective: To combine the patient data of a community health center (CHC) w ith health care survey data to display the CHC service area, the community' s health care access needs, and relationships among access, poverty, and po litical boundaries. Design: Georeferencing, analyzing, and mapping information from 2 databases . Setting: Boone County, Missouri. Participants: Community health center patients and survey respondents. Main Outcome Measures: Maps that define the CHC service area and patient de mographics and show poor health care access in relation to the CHC service area, CHC utilization in relation to poverty, and rates of health care acce ss by geopolitical region. Results: The CHC serves a distinctly different area than originally targete d. Subpopulations with unmet health care access needs and poverty were iden tified by census tract. These underserved populations fell within geopoliti cal boundaries that were easily linked to their elected officials. Conclusions: Geographic information systems are powerful tools for combinin g disparate data in a visual format to illustrate complex relationships tha t affect health care access. These systems can help evaluate interventions, inform-health services research, and guide health care policy.