Advance care planning

Advance care planning is the process of planning for future medical care, p articularly for the event when the patient is unable to make his or her own decisions. It should be a routine part of standard medical care and, when possible, conducted with the proxy decision maker present. It is helpful to think of the process as a stepwise approach. The steps include the appropr iate introduction of the topic, structured discussions covering potential s cenarios, documentation of preferences, periodic review and update of the d irectives, and application of the wishes when needed. The steps can be inte grated flexibly into routine clinical encounters by the physician and other members of the health care team. The process fosters personal resolution f or the patient, preparedness for the proxy, and effective teamwork for the professionals. The process also has pitfalls of which to be aware.