The gamut of abdominal and pelvic cystic masses in children is long with le
sions affecting the urogenital tract and retroperitoneum, gastrointestinal
tract and mesentery, hepatobiliary tract, and spleen. The goal of this pict
orial review is to display the radiological manifestations of these disorde
rs. The radiologist will learn, from this review of the differential diagno
sis, how to reach a diagnosis after analyzing the characteristic findings u
sing the appropriate imaging diagnostic studies among the various modalitie
s available in his armamentarium, and the optimal management of these condi
tions.