The paper defines a position of population and quantitative genetics i
n the breeding process while current fields in which population and qu
antitative genetics is engaged are reviewed with respect to farm anima
l breeding and the present knowledge, tools used and trend of developm
ent are outlined. The fields of concern are as follows: genetic modell
ing, economic values of commercial characteristics, determination of g
enetic parameters, choice of new selection criteria, breeding value es
timate, marker supported selection, selection principles, genetic gain
, determination of crossing effects, optimization of selection and hyb
ridization programs.