An instrumental variables approach to measuring the effect of body weight on employment disability

Objective. To measure the effect of body weight on employment disability. Data Sources. Female respondents to the National Longitudinal Survey of You th (NLSY), a nationally representative sample of American youth, surveyed f rom 1979 to 1998, merged with data from the child sample of the NLSY. Study Design. A series of probit models and probit models with instrumental variables is estimated with the goal of measuring the effect of body weigh t on employment disability. The two outcomes of interest are whether a woma n reports that her health limits the amount of work that she can do for pay , and whether she reports that her health limits the kind of work that she can do for pay. The models control for factors that affect the probability of health limitations on employment, such as education, cognitive ability, income of other family members, and characteristics of children in the hous ehold. Self-reports of height and weight are corrected for reporting error. Principal Findings. All else being equal, heavier women are more likely to report employment disability. However, this overall correlation may be due to any or all of the following factors: weight causing disability, disabili ty causing weight gain, or unobserved factors causing both. Instrumental va riables estimates provide no evidence that body weight affects the probabil ity of either type of employment disability. Conclusions. This study finds no evidence that body weight causes employmen t disability. Instead, the observed correlation between heaviness and disab ility may be due to disability causing weight gain or unobservable factors causing both disability and weight gain.