Skill mismatches in the Dutch labor market

Over the past years a number of studies have appeared on the incidence and returns to overeducation in the labor market. In these studies various defi nitions of education mismatches have been used, lit this paper zee analyze the validity and reliability of three of these definitions It is found that the definitions differ widely in the workers who are identified as over- o r undereducated Further, the methods yield different estimates of the retur ns to over- and undereducation.