This review discusses the prevalence and characteristics of depression in c
hildhood and adolescence. Depression in this age group is a major public he
alth concern, but is often under-recognised and dismissed as 'growing pains
'. Interviewing the patient and their parents is essential for accurate dia
gnosis and structured interviews may be helpful. Prevalence increases with
age. Risk of recurrence is high and is influenced by family conflict. Child
hood onset depression has a 60-70% risk of continuing into adulthood and 20
-40% develop bipolar disorder within 5 years. The nature of the disorder is
affected by family history and symptoms vary with age. Comorbidity is comm
on and influences treatment choice and long-term outcome. It is hoped that
complications such as poor academic performance, impaired social functionin
g, and substance abuse may be prevented by early intervention. (C) 2000 Els
evier Science B.V. All rights reserved.