Propensity of HIV patients to seek urgent and emergent care

OBJECTIVE: To assess the propensity of HIV-infected adults to seek care for common symptoms, and to determine whether they would seek care in the emer gency department (ED) or with their primary care provider. DESIGN: Cross-sectional interview study. SETTING:Patients in care in the 48 contiguous United States. PARTICIPANTS:A nationally representative group of HIV-infected adults selec ted using multistage probability sampling. MEASUREMENTS: Subjects were interviewed between January 1996 and April 1997 . Patients with advanced disease (past AIDS diagnosis and/or CD4 cell count <200/<mu>L) and early disease were asked how they would seek care for key HIV-associated symptom complexes. Three advanced disease and 3 early diseas e symptom scenarios were used. MAIN RESULTS: Most advanced disease patients (78% to 87%) would seek care r ight away from the ED or primary care provider for the symptoms asked. Most early disease patients (82%) would seek care right away for new respirator y symptoms; fewer would do so for headache (46%) or oral white patches (62% ). In a multivariate model, independent predictors of propensity to use the ED for advanced disease symptoms included African-American ethnicity (adju sted odds ratio [OR], 2.5; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.8 to 3.4); l ess education (adjusted OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.7); drug dependence (adju sted OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.7); annual income less than $5,000 (adjusted OR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.0 to 2.3); and lower psychological well-being (adjusted OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.9 to 1.0). In early disease, the following independentl y predicted ED use: African American (adjusted OR, 4.7; 95% CI, 3.1 to 7.1) or Hispanic ethnicity (adjusted OR 2.4; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.3), female gender (adjusted OR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 2.2), annual income less than $5,000 (ad justed OR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1 to 3.0), and lower psychological well-being (ad justed OR, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8 to 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Many patients would use the ED instead of same-day primary car e for several common symptoms of HIV disease. African Americans, the poor, and patients with psychological symptoms had a higher propensity to use the ED.