Synovial chondromatosis is a rare condition in which cartilage is formed in
the synovial membrane of a joint. The manifestations of this benign neopla
stic process can mimic many common temporomandibular joint and parotid dise
ases. Four cases of synovial chondromatosis are presented. In each case, at
ypical presentation, coexisting joint disease, or both caused diagnostic co
ntusion. The histories and physical examinations were initially consistent
with more common joint diseases in each case. Imaging provided some insight
into diagnosis and was a definitive indication for surgical treatment. Tre
atment by subtotal synovectomy and by removal of chondromatous nodules were
undertaken in each case. Na patient in our series has had recurrence of di
sease or symptoms after surgical treatment.