A detailed structural analysis of the NiO(111)-p(2 x 2) surface by surface
x-ray diffraction is presented and previous interpretations are revisited.
The surface adopts the octopolar reconstruction after air annealing and a s
pinel-like configuration after UHV annealing under low oxygen pressure corr
esponding to a reduced state. The transformation rate is determined and dis
cussed. Both configurations and their transformation allow drawing a cohere
nt scheme of the behavior of this polar oxide surface.