We study the low energy string effective action with an exponential type di
laton potential and vanishing torsion in a Bianchi type I space-time geomet
ry. In the Einstein and string frames the general solution of the gravitati
onal field equations can be expressed in an exact parametric form. Dependin
g on the values of the dilaton coupling constant and of the coefficient in
the exponential, the obtained cosmological models can be generically divide
d into three classes, leading to both singular and non-singular behaviors.
The effect of the potential on the time evolution of the mean anisotropy pa
rameter is also considered in detail, and it is shown that a Bianchi type I
universe isotropizes only in the presence of a dilaton held potential or a
central deficit charge.