Influence of nutrition and physical activity on muscle mass in the very elderly

Age-related loss in muscle mass: Aging is associated with a progressive dec line in muscle mass (sarcopenia). Age-related sarcopenia results in a 50% d ecrease in muscle fiber area, especially type II fiber area. There are many consequences related to this reduction in muscle mass including decline in muscle strength and function and impaired functional capacity. Protein intake: Sarcopenia also results in a reduction in the body's major protein pool. Adequate dietary protein to replace obligatory nitrogen loss and to support protein turnover is essential for maintaining muscle mass. I t is usually suggested that protein requirements in older subjects are abov e 1 g/kg/d. Physical exercise: Sedentary lifestyle may contribute to loss of skeletal m ass in elderly people. Exercise can help reverse this deficit and may impro ve the regeneration potential of muscle fibers.