Nitrides and oxides of aluminum and other metals were reactively sputtered
in a twin-cathode inverted cylindrical magnetron run with mid-frequency pow
er. This geometry is particularly suited for coating three-dimensional obje
cts of complex shape. However, high rate reactive sputtering in such an enc
losed cathode has not been reported and presents unknown processing conditi
ons. High rate deposition requires operation at a point that is normally un
stable. For aluminum nitride films, high pumping speed was sufficient to en
sure stable operation. Reactive deposition of oxides required feedback from
the discharge current to control the flow of oxygen. This was successful f
or the relatively simple case of aluminum oxide, and the much more complica
ted case of titanium oxide. Films were deposited onto glass substrates unde
r conditions of different pressure, power, and reactive gas flow. Reactive
gas flows were found where good films of aluminum nitride and aluminum oxid
e could be deposited at high rates. Rates (relative to pure aluminum) were
32% for aluminum nitride and 26-40% for aluminum oxide. Both aluminum nitri
de and aluminum oxide films were insulating, non-absorbing, and adherent to
the glass substrates. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.