The background of the MERIT-HF trial

In the not so distant past, the idea of using beta-blockers as a primary th erapy for congestive heart failure to improve symptoms and prognosis seemed paradoxical. The cardiac community reacted with skepticism when, in 1975,t he pioneering report of Waagstein et al. appeared in the British Heart Jour nal Since then numerous groups have investigated the effects of beta -adren oceptor antagonists in patients with congestive heart failure. Unfortunatel y, the results of these trials have sometimes contradicted one another. Exercise tolerance and left ventricular ejection fraction improved in the t rials with a duration of treatment of longer than 3 months, but no benefit was observed when beta-blockers were administered for only 1 month. Now, in the year 2000 we have proof for the concept that beta-blockade impr oves symptoms and prolongs life in heart failure. Three large placebo-contr olled clinical trials with more than 9000 patients have shown that carvedil ol, bisoprolol and metoprolol significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in heart failure. These agents, therefore, are clearly indicated in the maj ority of patients with mild to moderate heart failure.