Electrode design to suppress thermal drift in lithium niobate modulators

In LiNbO3 electro-optical devices, the symmetric design of the pair of grou nd-electrodes is an important factor in suppressing the thermal drift. Alth ough conventional x-cut LiNbO3 Mach-Zehnder modulators installed with ident ical ground-electrodes exhibit less than or equal to IV in their bias chang e between 10 and 60 degreesC, the asymmetric electrode design to narrow one ground-electrode Oo approximately one-quarter in experiments) demonstrates that the bias change increases to 3 to 6V.