A CMOS nested-chopper instrumentation amplifier is presented with a typical
offset of 100 nV. This performance is obtained by nesting an additional lo
w-frequency chopper pair around a conventional chopper amplifier. The inner
chopper pair removes the 1/f noise, while the outer chopper pair reduces t
he residual offset. The test chip is free from 1/f noise and has a thermal
noise of 27 nV/root Hz consuming a total supply current of 200 muA.