Designs for variance components estimation: Past and present

This article provides (1) a comprehensive coverage of the literature on des igns for estimating variance components, and (2) a review of recent applica tions of such designs in genetics, statistical process control, and quality improvement. In addition, recent methods of estimation of variance compone nts and model forms, other than the linear, are discussed. The latter devel opments have a direct effect on the choice of design. Some suggested ideas for future research directions are also given.