M. Petruccioli et al., High-rate aerobic treatment of winery wastewater using bioreactors with free and immobilized activated sludge, J BIOSCI BI, 90(4), 2000, pp. 381-386
COD (chemical oxygen demand) removal rate and efficiency of winery wastewat
er (WW) aerobic treatments were evaluated in an air-bubble column bioreacto
r using self-adapted microbial populations either free or im mobilized on p
olyurethane particles and in a packed-bed bioreactor immobilized oh Raschig
rings. The bioreactors were fed continuously for up to 12 months using WW
of different origins and with different pollution loads (COD range, 0.8-11.
0 kg.m(-3)): the maximum loading rate was approx. 8.8 kg-COD m(-3).d(-1). T
he highest COD removal rate (6.6 kg.m(-3).d(-1)) was obtained with free act
ivated sludge in the bubble column bioreactor; treatment efficiency and hyd
raulic retention time were >90% and approx. 0.8 d, respectively. The microb
ial populations in the three reactors were characterized.