Three new eudesmane sesquiterpenes, plectranthone (1), desacetylplectrantho
ne (2), isodeacetylplectranthone (3), and the three known flavonols pachypo
dol, casticin, and chrysosplenol D were isolated for the first time from th
e aerial parts of Plectranthus cylindraceus. Their structures have been est
ablished on the basis of spectral data. The structures and relative stereoc
hemistries of 1 and 2 were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray analysis.