E. Leitao et al., XPS CHARACTERIZATION OF SURFACE-FILMS FORMED ON SURFACE-MODIFIED IMPLANT MATERIALS AFTER CELL-CULTURE, Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine, 8(7), 1997, pp. 423-426
Nitrogen ion-implanted Ti-6Al-4V, Ti-5Al-2.5Fe and 316 L stainless ste
el and nitrogen or carbon sputter-coated samples were inoculated with
rat bone marrow. The interface between the cell layer and the substrat
a was studied by X-ray photo-electron spectrometry and observed by sca
nning electron microscopy (SEM). Ca and P were detected on all materia
ls after in vitro cell culture. Titanium appears to be present mainly
in the form of TiO2.