Protein nutrition in fish: protein/energy ratio and alternative protein sources to fish meal

Those interested in the design and manufacture of feeds for intensive fish farming face the basic concern of formulating mixtures for the best yield a t the lowest costs. Of the macronutrients in the feed, protein has and cont inues to receive special consideration because fish present high and specif ic needs for this constituent. Traditionally, protein has been supplied pri marily by fish meals. This paper presents a synthesis of the efforts made a nd the lines explored to achieve an effective reduction of the amount of fi sh meal in the feeds for fish, following two strategies: reduction of the p rotein in the feeds and the use of new raw materials to replace fish meal.