Measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: A revised NEP scale

Dunlap and Van Liere 's New Environmental Paradigm (NEP) Scale, published i n 1978, has become a widely used measure of proenvironmental orientation. T his article develops a revised NEP Scale designed to improve upon the origi nal one in several respects: (1) It taps a wider range of facets of an ecol ogical worldview, (2) It offers a balanced set of pro- and anti-NEP items, and(3) It avoids outmoded terminology. The new scale, termed the New Ecolog ical Paradigm Scale, consists of 15 items. Results of a 1990 Washington Sta te survey suggest that the items can be created as an internally consistent summated raring scale and also indicate a modest growth in pro-NEP respons es among Washington residents over the 14 years since the original study.