Modern data on the structure and function of transport/messenger (tm) RNA a
re reviewed. This stable RNA is involved in releasing ribosomes that are un
able to complete protein synthesis on mRNA lacking the stop codon. The resu
lting abnormal proteins are rapidly degraded by specific proteases, which r
ecognize a signal peptide encoded by the template region of tmRNA. The disc
overy of trans-translation has caused a particular interest in structural a
nd functional studies of tmRNA.