Effect of metabolic acidosis on white-tailed deer antler development

Metabolic acidosis can result when herbivores consume browse diets high in plant secondary compounds. One mechanism for buffering excess acid is the m obilization of calcium and other alkaline salts from the skeletal system. W hite-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and other cervids consuming brows e during antler formation may use minerals essential for antler development as buffers, resulting in altered antler characteristics. Our research obje ctives were to examine the effects of metabolic acidosis on mineral metabol ism, acid-base homeostasis, and antler development in white-tailed deer. Fi fteen male white-tailed deer were assigned to one of three diets: 2% NH4Cl, 3% commercial tannic acid, or a basal ration without additive. Two feeding trials were completed on each deer to determine nutrient use. Urine pH and the percentage of urinary nitrogen excreted as NH4+ varied by diet. No sig nificant diet or trial effects occurred for nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, or sodium use. Urinary calcium excretion varied between diets. N o dietary differences were observed for antler characteristics. The NH4Cl d iet induced metabolic acidosis but did not alter antler development in whit e-tailed deer. Skeletal mineral reserves and mineral intake appeared suffic ient to buffer excess acids and support antler development.