Etiology and pathophysiology of chronic transplant dysfunction

Chronic transplant dysfunction (CTD) is the predominant cause of late graft failure. The common histopathological feature in all transplanted organs i s intimal hyperplasia accompanied by organ specific lesions. The knowledge about CTD is incomplete, and there is no therapy to prevent or treat it. Th is review describes the current knowledge on the etiology of CTD, with emph asis on kidney transplants, and postulates a pathophysiologic route through which CTD may develop.