Chronic transplant dysfunction (CTD) is the predominant cause of late graft
failure. The common histopathological feature in all transplanted organs i
s intimal hyperplasia accompanied by organ specific lesions. The knowledge
about CTD is incomplete, and there is no therapy to prevent or treat it. Th
is review describes the current knowledge on the etiology of CTD, with emph
asis on kidney transplants, and postulates a pathophysiologic route through
which CTD may develop.